Bioreagents & Antibiotics

---

High-quality bioreagents backed up by Certificate of Analysis for everyday life science laboratory research use.

l Product Literature l                      l Request CoA l                         l Inquire Bulk Pricing l

P/N	Product		P/N	Product
R9012	Agarose		R5938	Guanidine Thiocyanate
R1397	Amphotericin B		R7365	HEPES
R6952	Ampicillin Sodium		R1605	HEPPS
R6571	Apramycin Sulfate		R3128	Hygromycin B
R1019	BES		R3679	IPTG
R1502	Bicine		R2538	Kanamycin Sulfate
R6976	Bis-Tris		R4432	MES
R1004	Boric Acid		R5007	Mitomycin C
R1135	CAPS		R1132	MOPS
R4800	Carbenicillin Disodium		R3690	ONPG
R7562	CHAPS		R1139	Penicillin G Potassium
R1034	CHES		R5625	PIPES
R5675	Chloramphenicol		R5312	Rapamycin
R5986	Cyclosporin A		R1329	Rifampicin
R2531	Doxorubicin HCl		R9001	Rnase A
R1059	Doxycycline HCl		R3810	Streptomycin Sulfate
R7634	DTT		R2991	TAPS
R9410	EDTA		R7365	TES
R7039	5-FOA		R5704	Tricine
R1083	G418		R7786	Tris
R5640	Glycine		R1404	Vancomycin HCl
R1405	Gentamycin Sulfate		R7240	X-Gal
R5001	Guanidine HCl		R1295	X-Gluc Sodium Salt

Agarose
HyAgarose™ LE Agarose, Multipurpose
HyAgarose™ HR Agarose, PCR Grade
HyAgarose™ 3:1 Agarose
HyAgarose™ LM Agarose, Low Melting

Amphotericin B
p/n and sizes: R1397-1g, R1397-5g, & bulk

Polyene antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces. Affinity for sterols, primarily ergosterols, of fungal cell membranes. It is used in cell culture applications to study the formation of ion-permeable channels in fungal cell membranes. Interferes with fungal membrane permeability by forming channels in the membranes and causing small molecules to leak out. Active against yeasts also.For research use.

Molecular Weight : 924.08
Molecular Formula : C₄₇H₇₃NO₁₇
CAS : 1397-89-3
Storage : 4°C Protect from light & moisture
Solubility : Soluble in DMSO. Slightly soluble in water

Ampicillin Sodium
p/n and sizes: R6952-50g, R6952-100g, & bulk

A β-lactam antibiotic with an amino group side chain attached to the penicillin structure. Penicillin derivative that inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) by inactivating transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane. Bactericidal only to growing Escherichia coli Resistance mediated by β-lactamase at cleavage of β-lactam ring of ampicillin. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 371.39
Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₁₈N₃NaO₄S
CAS: 69-52-3
Storage: 4°C
Solubility: Soluble in water (50mg/ml)

Apramycin Sulfate
p/n and sizes: R6571-5g, R6571-50g, & bulk

Aminoglycoside antibiotic with bactericidal activity against most Gram-negative bacteria. Apramycin is used to study protein synthesis translocation-step inhibition in bacteria and prokaryotes. Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. For research use.

Molecular Weight:637.66
Molecular Formula:C21H41N5O11.H2SO4
CAS:65710-07-8
Storage: 4°C
Solubility: Soluble in water

BES (N,N-Bis(hydroxyethyl)-2aminoethanesulfonic acid)
p/n and sizes: R1019-250g & bulk

Highly efficient transformation of mammalian cells with a BES-buffered salt solution (50 mM BES, pH 6.95(transformation crucial factor); 280 mM NaCl; 1.5 mM Na2HPO4).  For research use.

CAS 10191-18-1
Molecular Weight: 213.25
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₅NO₅S
Purity ≥99.9%
Storage: RT
Solubility: Soluble in water

Bicine (N, N-Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl)Glycine)
p/n and sizes: R1502-500g & bulk

Generally used for protein purification and other life science applications range from enzyme reaction buffers to electrophoresis buffers.  For research use.

Molecular Weight:163.17
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₃NO₄
CAS:150-25-4
Purity:≥99%
Storage: RT

Bis-Tris (BIS-(2-Hydroxyethyl)iminotris(hydroxymethyl) methane)
p/n and sizes: R6976-250g, R6976-500g & bulk

Biological buffer for protein and nucleic acid system also as a substitute for cacodylic acid buffer systems.  For research use.

Ultra Pure
Purity: >99%
Molecular Weight: 209.24
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₉NO₅
CAS: 6976-37-0
Storage: RT

Boric Acid
p/n and sizes: R1004-bulk

For use in molecular biology buffer, most commonly TBE buffer, with a pH of 8.3

Molecular Weight:61.83
Molecular Formula: H₃BO₃
CAS: 10043-35-3
Purity:≥99.5%
Storage: RT

CAPS (3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic acid, N-Cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid) 
p/n and sizes: R1135-250g, R1135-500g, & bulk

Alkaline buffer (pH 10-11, concentration 10-50mM, pH adjustment by NaOH) for protein transfer after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on nitrocellulose filters.  Also commonly used to investigate metal-dependent enzymes. For research use.

Physical Appearance: White powder
Molecular Weight: 221.31
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₁NH(CH₂)₃SO₃H
CAS: 1135-40-6
Purity: ≥98%
Storage:RT
Solubility:Soluble in water

Carbenicillin Disodium
p/n and sizes: R4800-25g, R1135-100g, & bulk

Carboxypenicillin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis (peptidoglycan cross-linking) by inactivating transpeptidases on the inner surface of the bacterial cell membrane. Analog to ampicillin.Antimicrobial spectrum: Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas.  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 422.36
Molecular Formula: C₁₇H₁₆N₂Na₂O₆S
CAS: 4800-94-6
Soluble in water.
Storage:4°C

CHAPS (3-((3-Cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate)
p/n and sizes: R7562-10g, R7562-50g, & Bulk

Non-denaturing Zwitterionic detergent suitable for use as a solubilizing agent for membrane proteins due to the disruption of non-specific protein interactions. Ref: Hjelmeland, L.H., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 6368 (1980)  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 614.88
Molecular Formula: C₃₂H₅₈N₂O₇S
CAS: 75621-03-3
Storage:RT

CHES (2-(Cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid)
p/n and sizes: R1034-250g, R1034-500g, & Bulk

A common biological buffer.  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 207.29
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₇NO₃S
CAS: 103-47-9
Purity:≥99.5%
Storage: RT

Chloramphenicol
p/n and sizes: R5675-250g, R5675-1kg, & Bulk

Bacteriostatic against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Inhibits protein synthesis by preventing peptide bond formation by peptidyl transferase. Used in large scale plasmid preparation of low to moderate copy number plasmids as well as in CAT assays. For research use.

Potency: >900 μg/mg
Molecular Weight: 323.13
Molecular Formula: Cl₂CHCONHCH(CH₂OH)CH(OH)C₆H₄NO₂
CAS:56-75-7
Storage:15-30°C
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol

Cyclosporin A
p/n and sizes: R5986-100mg, R5986-1g & Bulk

A fungal metabolite possessing potent immunosuppressive properties inhibits the T-cell receptor signal transduction pathway via the formation of cyclosporin A−cyclophilin complex that inhibits calcineurin. Also, Inhibits nitric oxide synthesis induced by interleukin 1α, lipopolysaccharides and TNFα, and blocks cytochrome c release from mitochondria. For research use.

Molecular Formula: C₆₂H₁₁₁N₁₁O₁₂
Molecular Weight 1202.61
CAS: 59865-13-3
Storage:4°C

Doxorubicin HCl
p/n and sizes: R2531-10mg, R2531-100mg & Bulk

Antineoplastic antibiotic interferes with nucleic acid synthesis. Also acts on cell membranes.  Inhibitor of reverse transcriptase and RNA polymerase; immunosuppressive agent; intercalates in DNA. Naturally fluorescent anthracycline antibiotic, anticancer drug.  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 579.98
Molecular Formula: C₂₇H₂₉NO₁₁ · HCl
CAS: 25316-40-9
Soluble in water. Light/moisture sensitive
Storage: RT

Doxycycline HCl
p/n and sizes: R1059-25g & Bulk

Active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis
Semi-synthetic tetracycline.  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 480.9
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈ . HCl
CAS: 10592-13-9
Storage: 4°C

DTT (DL-Dithiothreitol), Ultra Pure
p/n and sizes: R7634-50g, R7634-500g & Bulk

Reducing reagent for proteins and protects the cysteine residues against oxidation.  For research use.

Purity: ≥99%
A280 (0.02M, water): <0.05
S-S content: <0.5%
Melting range: 39-43°C
Moisture: <0.5%
Molecular Weight:154.25
Molecular Formula:HSCH₂CH(OH)CH(OH)CH₂SH
CAS:3483-12-3
Storage:-20°C

EDTA, Disodium Salt, Ultra Pure
p/n and sizes: R9410-1kg & Bulk

A metal chelating agent commonly used in tissue culture media and biological buffers. Ideal for electrophoresis and molecular biology use. For research use.

Ultra Pure
Purity:  ≥99.5%
Chloride: ≤0.005%
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%
Molecular Weight: 404.45
Molecular Formula: (HO₂CCH₂)₂NCH₂CH₂N(CH₂CO₂H) ₂
CAS: 6381-92-6
Storage: RT

5-FOA ((5-Fluoroorotic acid), Monohydrate)
p/n and sizes: R7039-5g, R7039-25g, & Bulk

Used as a research tool in molecular genetics. Yeast Selection Reagent.  Employed in the selection of resistant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that possess a mutant URA3 gene which renders them orotidine-5-phosphate decarboxylase-deficient. 5-FOA is converted 5-fluorouridine monophosphate (5-FUMP) in yeast cells, which can become incorporated into RNA or metabolized to the highly toxic 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate (5-FdUMP). 5-FdUMP is a potential inhibitor of thyidylate Synthase (TS), causing a cessation in DNA synthesis. For research use.

Solubility: 50mg in 1ml (1:1) ammonium hydroxide-water with gentle heating.
Purity: ≥98%
Molecular Weight: 174.09
Molecular Formula: C₅H₃FN₂O₄
CAS: 703-95-7
Storage: -20°C

G418
p/n and sizes: R1083-5g, R1083-50g, & Bulk

G418 Sulfate, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is related to gentamicin. G418 is toxic to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is used primarily for the selection of eukaryotic expression vectors bearing the related resistance genes. Recommended concentration varies by cell type; in mammalian cells, 400 mg/L is recommended for initial selection, and then reduced to 200 mg/L for culture maintenance. For research use.

White to off white powder
Purity: ~98%
Solubility (H2O): 50mg/ml 
Molecular Weight: 692.71
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₄₀N₄O₁₀ · 2H₂SO₄
CAS:108321-42-2
Storage: 4°C

Glycine
p/n and sizes: R5640-Bulk

Glycine is a component of Tris-glycine and Tris-glycine-SDS running buffers for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Glycine is also a component of transfer buffer for Western blots.  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 75.07
Molecular Formula: NH₂CH₂COOH
CAS: 56-40-6
Storage: RT

Gentamycin sulfate
p/n and sizes: R1405-25g, R1405-100g, & Bulk

Gentamycin sulfate is a broad spectrum antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including strains resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and colistin; particularly strains of Pseudomonas, Proteus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. It inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the ribosome. For research use.

Solubility (H2O): 50 mg/ml
Molecular Weight: 575.67
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₄₃N₅O₇^.H₂SO₄
CAS:1405-41-0
Storage: 4°C

Guanidine HCl
p/n and sizes: R5001-500g, R5001-2kg, & Bulk

A strong chaotropic agent used at high concentrations for denaturing native proteins and inactivating RNAses.  For research use.

Melting Range: 184-186°C
RNase/DNase Activity: None detected
Molecular Weight: 95.53
Molecular Formula: NH₂C(=NH)NH₂ · HCl
CAS: 50-01-1
Purity: >99.0%
Storage: RT

Guanidine thiocyanate
p/n and sizes: R5938-500g & Bulk

Chaotropic agent and strong denaturant; solubilizes cells.  For research use. 

Molecular Weight: 118.16
Molecular Formula: NH₂C(=NH)NH₂ · HSCN
CAS: 593-84-0
Purity: >99.0%
Storage: RT

HEPES (N-[2-Hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N\\\’-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]), Sodium Salt
p/n and sizes: R7365-500g, R7365-2kg, & Bulk

HEPES is a widely used buffer in biological studies. In cell culture media, it is employed as a substitute for the bicarbonate buffer at a concentration of 25 mM or as a supplement to the bicarbonate buffer (concentration 10-15mM).  The addition of 20mM HEPES to TBE buffer improves the migration behavior of certain samples in the SSCP analysis (single-strand conformation polymorphism), with a higher resolution especially if small differences in the sequences between certain bands are wanted. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 260.29
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₇N₂NaO₄S
CAS: 7365-45-9
Purity: >99.0%
Storage: RT

HEPPS (N-[2-Hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N’-[3-propanesulfonic acid]) Ultra Pure
p/n and sizes: R1605-100g, R1605-500g, & Bulk

HEPPS has many properties similar to HEPES. Because of its high buffer range, it is suited for studies on phosphorylation reactions, especially if tricine (binds metal ions) cannot be applied. Like HEPES, HEPPS interferes with the Folin protein assay, but not with the Biuret assay. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 252.33
Molecular Formula: C9H20N2O4S
CAS: 7365-45-9
Melting Point: 240-244°C
Purity(%): >99
Storage: RT

Hygromycin B
p/n and sizes: R3128-1g, R3128-25g, & Bulk

Aminoglycoside antibiotic, acts against bacteria, fungi and higher eukaryotes by inhibiting protein synthesis. Originally developed as an antihelminthic, hygromycin B is used in the research laboratory primarily for the selection and maintenance of cells that carry the hygromycin resistance gene.  For research use.

Solubility: Mammalian cells: 50-1000ug/mL; Plant cells: 20-200ug/mL; Bacteria: 20-200ug/mL; Fungi: 200-1000ug/mL
Purity (HPLC) : ≥92%
Potency 1118 µg/mg 
Molecular Weight: 527.52
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₃₇N₃O₁₃
CAS: 31282-04-9
Storage: 4°C

IPTG (Isopropyl-β-D-Thiogalactopyranoside)
p/n and sizes: R3679-10g, R3679-50g, & Bulk

An inducer of β-galactosidase used to promote the expression of proteins in cells controlled by the lac operator system.  For blue/white screening, 0.1 mM final IPTG concentration in LB (Luria Broth) media is recommended.  For research use.

Dioxane free
Dioxane (GLC): <1ppm
Purity (HPLC): 99.9%
Molecular Weight: 238.31
Molecular Formula: C9H18O5S
CAS: 367-93-1
Storage: -20°C

Kanamycin Sulfate
p/n and sizes: R2538-25g, R2538-100g, & Bulk

Aminoglycoside with activity against many Gram-negative bacteria. Binds to ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis. Used as a selective agent for the incorporation of NPT II (Neomycin phosphotransferase) (APH3′) gene in plant and animal cells. For research use.

Potency (Dried Substance): ≥670 IU/mg
Soluble in water.
Molecular Weight: 582.58
Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₃₆N₄O₁₁ · H₂O₄S
CAS: 25389-94-0
Storage: 4°C

MES (2-(n-Morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid)
p/n and sizes: R4432-250g, R4432-1kg, & Bulk

A biological buffer mailnly used in plant cell culture. A \”Good Buffer\” because it has a pKa value near physiological pH, it is not absorbed through cell membranes, and it is essentially transparent to UV light. Used for culture media. For research use.

Solubility: soluble in water
Purity: ≥99%
Molecular Weight: 217.2
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₃NO₄S
CAS: 4432-31-9
Storage: RT

Mitomycin C
p/n and sizes: R5007-5mg, R5007-50mg, & Bulk

Acts as an alkylating agent after activation and also supresses the synthesis of nucleic acids. Cell-cycle non-specific agent, but is most active in the late G1 and early S phases. Activity against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and Acid fact bacilli.  For reserach use.

Source: Streptomyces sp
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol; Slightly soluble in water
Molecular Weight: 334.33
Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₁₈N₄O₅
CAS: 50-07-7
Storage: 4°C

MOPS (3-(N-Morpholino)PropaneSulfonic acid), Ultra Pure
p/n and sizes: R1132-500g & Bulk

Molecular Biology Buffer, a component of running buffer, RNA Electrophoresis.  For research use.

Purity(%):≥99.0
Solubility (0.1M, Water)(P/F): Pass
Molecular Weight: 209.26
Molecular Formula: C₇H₁₅NO₄S
CAS: 1132-61-2
Storage: RT

ONPG (2-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside)
p/n and sizes: R3690-10g, R3690-50g, & Bulk

Colorimetric and spectrophotometric substrate for detection of ß-D-Glacotosidase. The cleavage of ONPG releases the yellow dye 4-nitrophenyl and absorption is measured at 405 – 420 nm by spectrophotometry.  For research use.

Molecular Weight: 301.25
Molecular Formula: C₁₂H₁₅NO₈
CAS: 369-07-3
Purity: >99%
Storage: -20°C

Penicillin G Potassium Salt
p/n and sizes: R1139-250MU, R1139-1000MU, & Bulk

Penicillin G was isolated from Penicillium notatum. The bactericidal effect of this β-lactam antibiotic is based on the irreversible inhibition of transpeptidase, interfering with the biosynthesis of the cell wall in bacteria.  Lactamase sensitive. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 372.48
Molecular Formula: C16H17KN2O4S
CAS: 113-98-4
Purity: ≥99.5%
Storage: 4°C

PIPES (Piperazine-1, 4-bisethanesulfonic acid)
p/n and sizes: R5625-250g, R5625-1kg, & Bulk

Molecular Biology Buffer, used for culturing cells in vitro and other biological applications. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 302.37
Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₈N₂O₆S₂
CAS: 5625-37-6
Purity: >99.0%
Storage: RT

Rapamycin
p/n and sizes: R5312-10mg, R5312-100mg, & Bulk

Rapamycin is a triene macrolide antibiotic, which demonstrates anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immunosuppressive properties. Rapamycin has been shown to block T-cell activation and proliferation, as well as, the activation of p70 S6 kinase and exhibits strong binding to FK-506 binding proteins. Rapamycin also inhibits the activity of the protein, mTOR, (mammalian target of rapamycin) which functions in a signaling pathway to promote tumor growth. Rapamycin binds to a receptor protein (FKBP12) and the rapamycin/FKB12 complex then binds to mTOR and prevents interaction of mTOR with target proteins in this signaling pathway.  For research use.

Purity: ≥ 98%
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO and Methanol
Molecular Weight: 914.17
Molecular Formula: C₅₁H₇₉NO₁₃
CAS: 53123-88-9
Storage: -20°C

Rifampicin
p/n and sizes: R1329-10g, R1329-50g, & Bulk

Rifampicin is active against gram-positive bacteria but less active against gram-negative bacteria. It interferes with the synthesis of nucleic acids by inhibiting DNA dependent RNA polymerase. Resistance to rifampicin can develop rapidly. The degree of resistance varies depending on the site of mutation in the RNA polymerase. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 822.94
Molecular Formula: C₄₃H₅₈N₄O₁₂
CAS: 13292-46-1
Storage: -20°C

RNase A
p/n and sizes: R9001-250mg, R9001-1g, & Bulk

Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is an endoribonuclease, that specifically cleaves single-stranded RNA 3′ to pyrimidine residues (cytosine, uracil). Thereby, it generates pyrimidine-3′-phosphate or oligonucleotides with terminal pyrimidine-3′-phosphates. A major application for RNAse A is the removal of RNA from preparations of plasmid DNA. For this application, DNAse free RNAse A is recommended to be used at a final concentration of 10 ug/ml.  For research use.

Source: Bovine pancreas.
Specific Activity: >60 U/mg
CAS: 9001-99-4
Purity: ≥99.0%
Storage: -20°C

Streptomycin Sulfate
p/n and sizes: R3810-250g & Bulk

Streptomycin was isolated from Streptomyces griseus. It acts bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations against mycobacteria and gram negative bacteria. It is less active against gram positve bacteria. Like other antibiotics, streptomyicin does not act on non-proliferating microorganism. Streptomycin leads to reading error during translation due to the interaction with 23S RNA of the 30S ribosomes. For research use.

Potency: >720 IU/mg
pH(20%, water, 25°C): 4.5-7.0
Molecular Weight: 1457.38
Molecular Formula: (C21H39N7O12)2 .3H2O4S)
CAS: 3810-74-0
Storage: RT

TAPS (3-[ Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-1-propane sulfonic acid)
p/n and sizes: R2991-250g & Bulk

Molecular Biology Buffer. For resaerch use.

Purity: ≥99.0%
Molecular Weight: 243.28
Molecular Formula: C₇H₁₇NO₆S
CAS: 29915-38-6
Storage: RT

TES (2-[Tris-(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-1-ethane sulfonic acid)
p/n and sizes: R7365-250g & Bulk

Molecular Biology Buffer. For research use.

Purity: ≥99.0%
Molecular Weight: 229.25
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₅NO₆S
CAS: 7365-44-8
Storage: RT

Tricine (N-[ Tris-(Hydroxymethyl)-Methyl Glycine)
p/n and sizes: R5704-500g & Bulk

Molecular Biology Buffer. Buffer component for separation of low molecular weight peptides.  For research use.

Purity: ≥99.0%
Molecular Weight: 179.17
Molecular Formula: C₆H₁₃NO₅
CAS: 5704-04-1
Storage: RT

Tris ((hydroxymethyl) aminomethane)
p/n and sizes: R7786-Bulk

Molecular Biology Buffer. Aminopeptidase substrat. For research use.

Purity: ≥99.0%
Molecular Weight: 121.14
Molecular Formula: NH₂C(CH₂OH)₃
CAS: 77-86-1
Storage: RT

Vancomycin HCl
p/n and sizes: R1404-2g, R1404-10g, & Bulk

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It exerts its action by inhibiting the formation of the peptidoglycan polymers of the bacterial cell wall. Unlike penicillins that act primarily to prevent the crosslinking of peptidoglycans that give the cell its strength, vancomycin prevents the transfer and addition of the muramylpentapeptide building blocks that form the peptidoglycan molecular itself. Vancomycin is often used in combination with cefotaxime or carbenicillin to obtain a synergism in antimicrobial activity against bacteria. Especially used by Agrobacterium species with b-lactamase production. For research use.

Molecular Weight: 1485.73
Molecular Formula: C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄ · HCl
CAS: 1404-93-9
Storage: 4°C

X-Gal (5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside)
p/n and sizes: R7240-1g & Bulk

X-Gal is a chromogenic substrate of b-Galactosidase. It is used in conjunction with IPTG for detection of b-Galactosidase activity in bacterial colonies in a colorimetric assay to detect recombinants (white) from non-recombinants (blue). X-Gal is cleaved at the b 1-4 bond between galactose and the 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl part of X-Gal by b-Glactosidase via hydrolysis.  The cleavage of X-Gal results in the production of a water insoluble blue dichloro-dibromo-indigo precipitate at the site of enzymatic cleavage.  In cloning strategies with vectors such as Lamda-11, M13mp18 and 19 and 19, pUC18 and 19, pUR222 the E.Coli lacZ gene is transformed to lac cells. After transformation the cells show b-Galactosidase activity in the presence of IPTG and X-Gal containing media. The insertion of a DNA fragment into the cloning sites of the lacZ gene results in the disruption of b-Galactosidase activity leading to the appearance of white colonies on X-Gal and IPTG containing media. Non recombinant cells produce a blue indigo dye on these media. For research use.

Solubility: 2% Soln. in DMF
Purity: ≥99.0%
Molecular Weight: 408.63
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₁₅BrClNO₆
CAS: 7240-90-6
Storage: -20°C

X-Glucuro Sodium Salt (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl-β-D-Glucuronide)
p/n and sizes: R1295-100mg, R1295-1g, & Bulk

Substrate for β-Glucuronidase. It is converted by the enzyme into an intense blue precipitate. It is used for the detection of the GUS gene in bacterial colonies, e.g. Escherichia coli, or for histochemical applications. For research use.

Purity: ≥98.0%
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₁₂BrClNO₇Na
Molecular Weight: 444.6
CAS: 370100-64-4
Storage: -20°C